Aircraft Sales and Parts

An old hobbs meter (soviet union 1970s)

The Hobbs meter is a device that records elapsed time. It is frequently used in aviation applications to record the time that the electrical power (battery master switch) is 'on'. Hobbs is a genericized trademark for products generically called Engine Hour Meters. Hobbs meters are made by Honeywell, but there are other manufacturers such as ENM and Datcon. The meters all run electrically and indicate hours and tenths of an hour (1 tenth = 6 minutes,) but there are several ways that a meter can record the 'Hobbs time':

It can simply measure the length of time that the master switch has been on. This tends to overstate Hobbs time.

It can be activated by oil pressure running into a pressure switch and therefore only runs while the engine is running. Many rental aircraft use this method to preclude the possibility of flying with the master switch off to improperly reduce Hobbs time.

It can be activated by another switch, either an airspeed sensing vane under a wing (as in the Cessna Caravan) or a pressure switch attached to the landing gear (as in many twins.) In these cases, the Hobbs only measures the length of time the aircraft is actually flying. This is for those who wish to record Time In Service. Things like Turbine Actual Runtime are kept like this for purposes of overhaul cycles, and are usually kept by commercial operators under FAR Parts 135, 121, or 125.

It can be activated when the engine alternators are online (as in the Cirrus SR series).

General Aviation Use

For purposes of GA (general aviation,) Hobbs time is usually recorded in the pilot's log book, and many Fixed-Base Operations (FBOs) that rent airplanes charge their hourly rate based on Hobbs time. Tach Time is recorded in the engine's log books and is used for such things as determining when the oil should be changed and the TBO (time between overhauls.) Tach (tachometer) time differs from Hobbs time in that it is linked to the revolutions per minute (RPM) of the engine. Tach Time records the length of time at some specific RPM 2400 RPM for example. That means that it is most accurate at cruise RPM, and least accurate while taxiing or stationary with the engine running. At these times, the clock runs slower. Depending on the type of flight, tach time can be 1020% less than Hobbs time. Many organizations such as flying clubs charge by Tach Time so as to differentiate themselves from FBOs by the fact that 10-20% less time recorded makes it 10-20% cheaper to fly (if the hourly rate is the same.)

Aerial photographs generally have an ethereal quality about them with unusual and sometimes symmetrical patterns emerging, making for unique and often prize-winning shots. Yet photo shoots from the air are quite tricky and demand an excellent partnership with the pilot and his support staff.

A stable mode of transport is essential

Successful aerial photo shoots rely heavily on a stable mode of transport and while fixed wing aircrafts are occasionally used, it is generally helicopter charters that are the preferred choice of professional photographers.

Viewed from above, the planet is an extraordinary convolution of delicate hues, dramatic colours and zigzag patterns and helicopters are able to offer the photographer a range of angles to shoot at, each with a completely different end result . The added agility and manoeuvrability of a helicopter allows the pilot to literally swoop into the subject but if the shot is missed the first time around, it is really easy for the pilot to turn around for a second, third or even fourth attempt.

Helicopters can fly at lower altitudes than fixed wing aircrafts

Helicopter hire is often preferred because whirlybirds are able to fly at lower altitudes than aircrafts, even small ones like Cessna’s. Apart from the obvious advantage of getting up close and personal to the chosen subject, it also allows for better angles that often result in far better pictures.

The fact that helicopters are able to hover continuously over a particular area or subject is yet another added benefit of helicopter rental, and it is critical that whichever aircraft chosen for the job has windows that open completely.

Choose a helicopter pilot with experience in aerial photography

A tip for aspiring aerial photographers is to choose a helicopter pilot that has had experience with aerial photography. They will be familiar with angles and views that will make your photography quite breathtaking and can also assist with the correct timing of the picture in relation to visibility.

Aerial photo shoot tips

Don’t shoot through windows with a telephoto lens, or any lens for that matter, as it will lead to distortion For landscapes, opt for a panoramic camera To overcome helicopter vibrations on the shoot, use a fast lens that has excellent focus when the aperture is opened up

By: Amelia Stenson

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Top Gear has featured a number of recurring segments on the show. The most popular are listed here. These elements make up the basic structure of the show.

Races

Epic races

There have been eight "epic races" on Top Gear, involving a car racing another mode of transport. These races usually start at the Top Gear test track, and usually last no more than a day.

Car vs. Train in a race to Monte Carlo, Clarkson drove an Aston Martin DB9 while Hammond and May caught a bus to Guildford station, a train to London Waterloo, the Eurostar to Gare du Nord in Paris where they transferred to Gare de Lyon using the Paris Mro and finally the TGV to Monte Carlo. Series Four, Episode One Won by Clarkson

Car vs. Plane in a race to Verbier, Switzerland, Clarkson drove a Ferrari 612 Scaglietti while Hammond and May caught a flight to Geneva and a short coach ride to the finish. Series Five, Episode Eight Won by Clarkson

Car vs. Ferry in a race to Oslo, Clarkson drove a Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren while Hammond and May caught a flight to Newcastle, a ferry to Kristiansand and a Speedboat to Oslo, ending up in a small town outside Oslo called Dr?bak Series Six, Episode Six Won by Clarkson

Car vs. Private Plane in a race to London from Alba, Clarkson drove a Bugatti Veyron while Hammond and May rode scooters to the airport and flew a Cessna 182 to Lille where they caught the Eurostar to London. Series Seven, Episode Five Won by Clarkson

Car vs. Bike vs. Boat vs. Public Transport in a race to see what form of transport was quickest at getting from one side of London to the other during rush hour. Clarkson took a boat, Hammond a bicycle, May a Mercedes-Benz GL 500 and The Stig went by public transport. Series Ten, Episode Five Won by Hammond, followed by Clarkson, then The Stig and May in last.

Car vs. Bullet Train in a race through Japan to the top of Mount Nokogiri Yama. Clarkson drove a Nissan GT-R, while Hammond and May took public transport - an "ordinary" train, the 188 mph bullet train, the subway, another "ordinary" train, the bus to the ferry, and bicycles to the top. Series Eleven, Episode Four Won by Clarkson

Car vs. Car vs. Car in a race from Basel in Switzerland to Blackpool in North-West England on a single tank of fuel in a car of their choice, with the winner being given the reward of switching on the Blackpool Illuminations (although The Stig was there as backup in case nobody made it, and turned them on himself). May selected a Subaru Legacy Diesel, Clarkson used Jaguar XJ6 and, to the scorn of his compatriots, Hammond chose a Volkswagen Polo BlueMotion. Series Twelve, Episode Four Won by Hammond, followed by Clarkson, and May in last (40 minutes after the others)

Car vs. Boat in a race from Portofino to Saint-Tropez. Hammond drove a Ferrari Daytona while May drove an XSR 48 powerboat, along with a co-driver. Both got stopped by Italian police at different points. Series Twelve, Episode Five Won by May

Races vs. athletes

A number of smaller scale 'novelty' races have also taken place that demonstrate various strengths and, more often, weaknesses of cars. These races involve one of the presenters, in a carefully chosen car, racing head-to-head against an athlete in conditions that favour the latter.

Car vs. Trail of fuel: Jeremy Clarkson raced a Chevrolet Corvette Z06 against a trail of fuel. The race began when the quarter mile trail of gasoline was lit.

Car vs. aerobatics plane: Hammond presented a race between The Stig in a Radical SR3 against British Aerobatic Champion, Tom Cassells, in a CAP 232 Aerobatic Plane around the Top Gear test track. Series One, Episode Nine

Car vs. racing pigeons: May used a Ford SportKa equipped with satellite navigation to compete against racing pigeons in a point-to-point race.Won by racing pigeons Series Four, Episode Four

Car vs. snooker player: Ronnie O'Sullivan had to pot 14 snooker balls while his Mercedes-Benz SL500 was raced around the Top Gear test track by The Stig.Won by snooker player Series Four, Episode Four

Car vs. all-terrain skateboarder: Hammond presented a pair of races on the "Green Mile", a half-mile downhill course in Wales, between double world champion all-terrain skateboarder Tom Kirkman and a Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution Group N rally car, and then a Bowler Wildcat, both driven by Ben Collins. Series Five, Episode Two

Car vs. bobsleigh: May co-piloted a Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution Rally car driven by Henning Solberg, raced Hammond...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about car stereo antenna, fertilizer npk, . The Blinking Badge, LED Flashing Magnetic Button Pin products should be show more here!



By: Steven Jiang

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